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Charles Lee Smith (1887 – 1964 in San Diego, California) was an atheist, a free-thought activist, a white supremacist and anti-Semite in the United States.〔"Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education" by John P. Jackson Jr. (pp 55-58)〕 In November 1925, he founded the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism (A.A.A.A. or "the 4A's"),〔Kingman, George A. (1929) God is an Antedote for the Poisonous Propaganda for the Advancement of Atheism, Inc. Cincinnati, OH. F.L. Rowe.〕 which lasted until the death of his successor James Hervey Johnson. It attempted to organize student affiliates at Universities and High Schools, creating at least 30 student chapters.〔"The Four A's", John Maguire in "The Modern Schoolman" Volume 4, Issue 5, February 1928; (doi:10.5840/schoolman19284570)〕 The Los Angeles branch, "The Devil's Angels" included among its members Queen Silver, whose activities with the 4A's inspired the fictionalized movie The Godless Girl.〔''Queen Silver: The Godless Girl'', by Wendy McElroy, Prometheus Books, 2000.〕 The Rochester Chapter was known as "The Damned Souls",〔( University of Rochester History: Chapter 24 ), retrieved 2015-07-30〕〔"ROCHESTER STUDENTS FORM ATHEIST SOCIETY; Thirteen in University Organize as 'Damned Souls' to 'Abolish Belief in God.'", NY Times March 04, 1926〕 at Philadelphia "God's Black Sheep", at the University of Wisconsin "The Circle of the Godless", and "The Legion of the Damned" at the University of North Dakata.〔"Queen Silver" bio, p. 98〕 However, the organization declined over time. Between 1926 and 1928, Smith came into conflict with John Roach Straton, which resulted in Straton suing Smith for harassment via the mails. In 1928, Smith undertook a course that ended with him the last documented person to be convicted of blasphemy in the United States.〔"Blasphemy" in Tom Flynn, editor, ''The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief'', p. 147. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007.〕 That year, Smith rented a store-front in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he gave out free antireligious atheist literature. The sign in the window read: "Evolution Is True. The Bible's a Lie. God's a Ghost." For this he was charged with violating the city ordinance against blasphemy. Because he was an atheist and therefore wouldn't swear the court's religious oath to tell the truth, he wasn't permitted to testify in his own defense. The judge then dismissed the original charge, replacing it with one of distributing obscene, slanderous, or scurrilous literature. Smith was convicted, fined $25, and served most of a twenty-six-day jail sentence. His high-profile fast while behind bars drew national media attention. Upon his release, he immediately resumed his atheistic activities, was again charged with blasphemy, and this time convicted. In his trial, he was once more denied the right to testify and was sentenced to ninety days in jail and a fine of $100. Released on $1,000 bail, Smith appealed the verdict. The case then dragged on for several years until it was finally dismissed.〔"Smith, Charles Lee" in Gordon Stein, editor, ''The Encyclopedia of Unbelief'', pp. 633-634. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1985.〕 On March 20, 1934, Smith debated Aimee Semple McPherson over evolution.〔"Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America", Matthew Avery Sutton, pp 216〕〔 (The Pittsburgh Press - Mar 18, 1934 )〕 In 1935, Smith published ''The Bible in the Balance'',〔(The Bible in the Balance ), Charles Smith〕 which criticizes the Bible as unworthy of belief, and became a popular pamphlet for the A.A.A.A. In 1937, he took over as editor of ''The Truth Seeker'', a free-thought magazine in New York, where he continued as editor until his 1964 death. During his editorship, he subtitled The Truth Seeker as "The Journal for Reasoners and Racists".〔"Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education" by John P. Jackson Jr. (pp 55-58)〕 In 1956, Smith published the two-volume tome ''Sensism: The Philosophy of the West'', promoting a pure atheistic philosophy, viewing all supernatural religions and thought patterns as rubbish. During the 1959 through 1963 proceedings of Murray v. Curlett, Smith provided financial assistance to Madalyn Murray O'Hair to cover part of the case's legal expenses; he claimed to her that he had also provided assistance to Vashti McCollum in her 1945-1947 case.〔Bryan F. Le Beau's "The Atheist: Madalyn Murray O'Hair" (2005), p. 55〕 Smith died October 26, 1964.〔The Truth Seeker 91, no. 11 (November 1964)〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Lee Smith」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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